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                  <text>Late Antiquity Pilgrimage</text>
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                <text>Plaque of Saint Simeon&#13;
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                <text>Plaque of Saint Simeon, end of 6th century, Syria, silver partially gilded, 29.6 x 25.5 cm</text>
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                <text>This silver plaque is a precious record of the worship of stylite saints in the eastern Mediterranean in the 6th and 7th centuries. It was originally part of the treasure of the church of Ma'arrat an Numan, Syria. The decoration, figured in relief, recalls the origins of stylitism, a form of asceticism whose followers lived atop a pillar. Saint Simeon Stylites the Elder, the founder of this practice, is shown on his column, calm despite the snake that is threatening to attack.&#13;
&#13;
A Syrian ex-voto plaque&#13;
The Friends of the Louvre purchased this plaque of partially gilded repoussé silver in 1952. It records the rise of certain remarkable forms of Christian worship in late Antiquity. The plaque, dating from the late 6th century, was long thought to be part of a reliquary but recent scholarship suggests it is an ex-voto plaque dedicated to Saint Simeon Stylites, because of the inscription in Greek letters along the bottom of the plaque. The inscription reads "In thanks to God and to Saint Simeon, I have given." Recent research has allowed scholars to site the plaque in its original context and seems to lend support to the hypothesis of its votive function. The plaque was part of the treasure of the church of Ma'arrat an Numan in Syria. The treasure also contained a number of other similar small silver plaques engraved with invocations and dedicatory inscriptions.&#13;
Saint Simeon Stylites&#13;
Unfortunately, the dedication does not indicate whether the saint in question was Simeon Stylites the Elder, who lived in northern Syria between AD 390 and AD 459, or Simeon Stylites the Younger, inspired by the older saint, whose dates are approximately AD 521-592, and who was worshipped at the Admirable Mountain near Antioch. However, the scene illustrated on the plaque suggests the origins of stylitism (from the Greek stylos, meaning a column), which was a particular form of asceticism whose followers spent their lives sitting atop a pillar. This form of mortification was first practiced in the 5th century by Simeon the Elder, who avoided worldly temptation by living on a high column. The saint is depicted as an elderly, bearded man wearing a loose hooded garment and with a large shell above his head. He is perched atop a column behind a latticed parapet. There is a ladder leaning against the pillar and an opening halfway up it to get in and out. The saint is holding a book and seems plunged in deep thought, calm in the face of the danger of the monstrous serpent that is threatening him. The animal is thought to be a reference to an episode from the life of Saint Simeon the Elder, when a snake came to visit the saint to request his help in treating his sick mate.&#13;
The veneration of the stylite saints&#13;
From the late 5th century, the veneration of Simeon became extremely popular in Syria and throughout the eastern Mediterranean region. The rise of Syrian monasticism was probably encouraged by the tensions then apparent within the Eastern church. The shrine that sprang up around the saint's pillar in Qalaat Seman, not far from Aleppo, became one of the major sites of Christian pilgrimage until the 7th century. Many disciples followed the saint's example, among them Daniel Stylites (d. AD 493), who brought the movement to Constantinople. Although stylite monks lived as hermits atop their pillars, they were surrounded by a community of disciples who brought them food. When they were not praying, they welcomed pilgrims, preached to the crowds below, exorcised the afflicted, and performed miraculous cures.</text>
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                  <text>Late Antiquity, 4/5 (Burial)</text>
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                <text>Plaster Cast of a Roman child’s face&#13;
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                <text>Made 1878-1920&#13;
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                  <text>The Crusades and Constantinople in Twenty Objects</text>
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The Surrounding plaques feature images of paired military saints, at the top, Christ is flanked by Saints Peter and Menas.","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"late 11th - early 12th century"},{"label":"Type","value":"Icon"},{"label":"Material","value":"silver-gilt, gold, cloisonn\u00e9 enamel, gemstones"},{"label":"Location","value":"Procuratoria di San Marco, Venice, Italy"}],"width":2240,"height":3011},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3537.4","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"De la Conqu\u00eate de Constantinople (On the Conquest of Constantinople) fol. 1r","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/annotation/3537.4","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2381%2F7deefd87320753e295599e1c171da1a3.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2381%2F7deefd87320753e295599e1c171da1a3.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":2646,"height":4000},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3537.4"}],"description":"Written by Geoffrey of Villehardouin, knight and crusader and therefore eyewitness. The work is written as an epic in the third person. Here, the initial \"S\" contained a depiction of Foulques of Neuilly preaching about the Fourth Crusade. The detail at the bottom border shows the arrival of the crusaders at Constantinople. \n\nAn English translation is available here: https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/villehardouin.asp\n\nSelected images from this manuscript are available here: https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/viewer/962343a9-7aa5-4741-9db8-bb4c69b8ef0c#?c=0&amp;m=0&amp;s=0&amp;cv=0&amp;r=0&amp;xywh=-1460%2C-232%2C5671%2C4623","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"c. 1130"},{"label":"Place of Creation","value":"Venice"},{"label":"Language","value":"French and Latin"},{"label":"Shelfmark","value":"MS. 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The original horses are now inside the Basilica, and replicas on the exterior. Many scholars now consider a date of the 2nd-3rd century CE to be more likely than the earlier attestation of the 4th century BCE (and the sculptor Lysippos). It is unclear where they were originally made, but they were in the Hippodrome of Constantinople at least by the 8th or 9th century, when they are made mention of in a Chronicle as being from Chios and brought under the direction of Theodosius II.","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"c. 2nd - 3rd century CE (?)"},{"label":"Material","value":"surprisingly, 96.67% copper"},{"label":"Location","value":"San Marco, Venice"}],"width":3859,"height":2737},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3534.7","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Entr\u00e9e des Crois\u00e9s \u00e0 Constantinople (Entry of the Crusaders into Constantinople)","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/annotation/3534.7","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2378%2F03b22f22c93d89be70e6de71a7ebf836.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2378%2F03b22f22c93d89be70e6de71a7ebf836.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":2223,"height":1820},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3534.7"}],"description":"Commissioned by the last French King, Louis Philippe I, this painting by Delacroix shows Baldwin I of Constantinople leading the procession of crusaders through the streets of Constantinople. The painting was not particularly well received after its exhibition at the Salon in 1841.","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"1840"},{"label":"Artist","value":"Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix"},{"label":"Material","value":"Oil on Canvas"},{"label":"Location","value":"Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris"},{"label":"Dimensions","value":"13\u2032 5\u2033 x 16\u2032 4\u2033"}],"width":2223,"height":1820},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3533.8","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Manuscript illustration of the conquest of Constantinople by the Crusaders, fol. 205r","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/annotation/3533.8","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2377%2Ff829b4c02060129bd3de40d410f47ec8.jpg/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2377%2Ff829b4c02060129bd3de40d410f47ec8.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":1024,"height":1436},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3533.8"}],"description":"From \u201cCroniques abregies commen\u00e7ans au temps de Herode Antipas, persecuteur de la chrestient\u00e9, et finissant l'an de grace mil IIc et LXXVI\u201d\n\nFull manuscript: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b550069168/f1.item","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"15th century"},{"label":"Language","value":"French"},{"label":"Author","value":"David Aubert"},{"label":"Location","value":"Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France. Biblioth\u00e8que de l'Arsenal"},{"label":"Shelfmark","value":"Ms-5090"}],"width":1024,"height":1436},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3531.9","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Grosso of Enrico Dandolo (obverse)","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/annotation/3531.9","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2375%2F705aa4fcb8265f2e99fb91179e39199e.jpg/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2375%2F705aa4fcb8265f2e99fb91179e39199e.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":547,"height":537},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3531.9"}],"description":"The doge standing at left receiving a banner from St. Mark; inscription: \u2720 \u2022 H \u2022 DANDOL' \u2022 S \u2022 M \u2022 VENETI","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"c. 1202-05"},{"label":"Type","value":"Grosso"},{"label":"Material","value":"Silver"},{"label":"Dimensions","value":"D. 20 mm"}],"width":547,"height":537},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3532.10","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Grosso of Enrico Dandolo (reverse)","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/annotation/3532.10","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2376%2Fdec62b15803baff023f10ba9b8c2831e.jpg/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2376%2Fdec62b15803baff023f10ba9b8c2831e.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":543,"height":539},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3532.10"}],"description":"enthroned and nimbate Christ, IC \u2013 XC on either side of his head","width":543,"height":539},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3530.11","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Tomb Marker of Enrico Dandolo","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/annotation/3530.11","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2374%2Fb3765b2ffb4e183a7d6436b56c7a4880.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2374%2Fb3765b2ffb4e183a7d6436b56c7a4880.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":2560,"height":1538},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3530.11"}],"description":"Doge Enrico Dandolo died in 1205 and was buried in Hagia Sophia. During the 19th century restoration, the Italian team placed this marker near the probable location of his burial. The original tomb was destroyed by the Ottomans after the conquest of Constantinople in 1452 and the conversion of Hagia Sophia into a mosque.","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"19th century"},{"label":"Type","value":"Cenotaph"},{"label":"Location","value":"East Gallery, Hagia Sophia"}],"width":2560,"height":1538},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3529.12","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Alexios [IV Angelos] appears before the Doge","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/annotation/3529.12","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2373%2F36fdc414733575fbfd102a3aa7c8b39e.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2373%2F36fdc414733575fbfd102a3aa7c8b39e.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":1458,"height":1920},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3529.12"}],"description":"After a fire in at the Doge\u2019s Palace in Venice in 1577, some of the new decorations included paintings that celebrated important events in Venetian history. This oil sketch was for a large painting showing the Byzantine emperor Alexios IV Angelos asking Doge Enrico Dandolo for aid against Alexios III (Alexios IV\u2019s uncle).\n\nN.B. the website entry for this piece is presumably mis-titled, identifying the figure as Alexios Komnenos in the title, but correctly as Alexios IV Angelos in the description. Both Alexios I Komnenos and Alexios II Komnenos were very much dead by the 1203. Of course, Alexios IV Angelos would only outlive 1203 by a little over a month.","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"after 1577"},{"label":"Type","value":"oil sketch"},{"label":"Material","value":"Oil on Canvas"},{"label":"Artist","value":"Andrea Vincentino (Andrea Michelli)"},{"label":"Dimensions","value":"92 cm x 69.22 cm"},{"label":"Location","value":"Minneapolis Institute of Art"}],"width":1458,"height":1920},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3528.13","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Gold Hyperpyron of Michael VIII Palaiologos","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/annotation/3528.13","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2372%2Fd3d73843e09fdec005b164073d2babbb.jpg/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2372%2Fd3d73843e09fdec005b164073d2babbb.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":900,"height":450},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3528.13"}],"description":"Obverse: Virgin orans within city walls (Constantinople?) with six groups of towers\n\nReverse: Kneeling emperor being presented to Christ by a nimbed St. Michael. Christ is enthroned and holding the Gospels in his left hand.","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"r. 1258-82"},{"label":"Type","value":"Hyperpyron"},{"label":"Material","value":"Gold"},{"label":"Mint","value":"Constantinople"}],"width":900,"height":450},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3526.14","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Seal of Henry of Flanders (obverse)","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/annotation/3526.14","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2370%2F35055b03ad2cc7d51b63d55aee931c0c.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2370%2F35055b03ad2cc7d51b63d55aee931c0c.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":2749,"height":1840},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3526.14"}],"description":"Shows the enthroned emperor wearing a crown and holding a scepter and the globus cruciger, inscription reads: \u1f18\u03c1\u03c1\u1fd6\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 d\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 (Henry, despotes)","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"r. 1206-16"},{"label":"Type","value":"Seal"},{"label":"Material","value":"Lead"},{"label":"Location","value":"Dumbarton Oaks"},{"label":"Dimensions","value":"D. 47 mm"}],"width":2749,"height":1840},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3527.15","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Seal of Henry of Flanders (reverse)","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/annotation/3527.15","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2371%2F9bf129e9f66589d5f39d72c7f3ee0fb7.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2371%2F9bf129e9f66589d5f39d72c7f3ee0fb7.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":2749,"height":1840},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3527.15"}],"description":"Shows the emperor on horseback, wearing armor and holding a sword and shield, inscription reads: Henric(us) D(e)i gratia inp(er)ator Ro(man)ie (Henry, by the Grace of God, emperor of the Roman realm)","width":2749,"height":1840},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3524.16","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Seal of Baldwin II (obverse)","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/annotation/3524.16","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2368%2Fbb6230bb8e0984843845655aa7178d63.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2368%2Fbb6230bb8e0984843845655aa7178d63.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":2749,"height":1840},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3524.16"}],"description":"Shows the emperor seated on a backless throne, wearing the loros and a crown and holding a labarum and a globus cruciger, the inscription encircling him reads: Balduinus Dei gratia imp(er)at[or] Ro[maniae] se[mp(er) au]gu(stus)? (Baldwin, by the Grade of God emperor of the Roman realm, eternal augustus)","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"r. 1240-61"},{"label":"Type","value":"Seal"},{"label":"Material","value":"Lead"},{"label":"Location","value":"Dumbarton Oaks"},{"label":"Dimensions","value":"D. 43 mm"}],"width":2749,"height":1840},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3525.17","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Seal of Baldwin II (reverse)","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/annotation/3525.17","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2369%2F648a774174c975ce36e79ff648e4b3a7.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2369%2F648a774174c975ce36e79ff648e4b3a7.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":2749,"height":1840},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3525.17"}],"description":"Shows the emperor on horseback, wearing armor and holding a scepter, the inscription reads: \u0392\u03b1\u03bb\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 [\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a6\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd]\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2? (Baldwin of Flanders, despotes and Porphyrogennetos)","width":2749,"height":1840},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3523.18","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Plate with the Ascension of Alexander the Great","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/annotation/3523.18","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2367%2Fd6e6b6552d4d1e27ea43ea755fa5af96.jpg/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2367%2Fd6e6b6552d4d1e27ea43ea755fa5af96.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":1024,"height":1024},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3523.18"}],"description":"This plate was found in Siberia. The central scene shows the Ascension of Alexander the Great, surrounded by decorative imagery and motifs. This story was popular in Byzantine and Romanesque art, as well as in Islamic Art in Asia Minor.","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"c. 1208-16"},{"label":"Material","value":"silver"},{"label":"Dimensions","value":"D. 28 cm"},{"label":"Inscription","value":"An inscription on the outside features twelve altered Greek letters. Roundels on either side of Alexander's head give his name and title"},{"label":"Location","value":"Shuryshkar Regional Historical Museum Complex, Muzhi, Siberia, Russia Federation"}],"width":1024,"height":1024},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3522.19","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Incense Burner in the Shape of a Domed Building","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/annotation/3522.19","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2366%2F558ec0829e7d60b08ad6a8817c30dd33.jpg/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2366%2F558ec0829e7d60b08ad6a8817c30dd33.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":774,"height":1024},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3522.19"}],"description":"Although technically an incense burner, this container was used from at least 1283 to hold the relic of the Holy Blood, which had been sent to Venice from Constantinople. Although the later addition of the crosses to the domes give the reliquary the appearance of a church, it was not originally meant to represent one. It is decorated with numerous figures, scenes, and vegetal motifs. It was most likely originally used in a secular setting, as an incense burner, and was only given its religious usage and connotations after it was repurposed as a reliquary.","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"12th century"},{"label":"Type","value":"Incense Burner turned reliquary"},{"label":"Place of Creation","value":"Byzantium"},{"label":"Material","value":"silver, partially gilded"},{"label":"Dimensions","value":"36 cm x 30 cm"},{"label":"Inscription","value":"two figures on the front bear the inscriptions \"Courage\" and \"Intelligence\" in Greek"},{"label":"Location","value":"Procuratoria di San Marco, Venice, Italy"}],"width":774,"height":1024},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3521.20","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Pala d'Oro","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/annotation/3521.20","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2365%2F5bf1fbe4ac5d15a45c98dd8ada5fbbe1.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2365%2F5bf1fbe4ac5d15a45c98dd8ada5fbbe1.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":10000,"height":6248},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3521.20"}],"description":"Literally \u201cGolden Pall\u201d or \u201cGolden Cloth\u201d, the Pala d\u2019Oro is the retable of the high alter at the Basilica di San Marco in Venice. It measures 3 meters wide by 2 meters tall and features a total of 187 enamel plaques along with numerous precious and semi-precious gems. The Pala d\u2019Oro is made up of two parts. At the top, a central enamel of Michael the Archangel is surrounded by three images from the Life of Christ (Entry into Jerusalem, Harrowing of Hell, the Crucifixion, Ascension, Pentecost, and the Komesis) on each side (added in 1209). These enamels, made in Constantinople, are thought to have been looted during the Fourth Crusade. On the bottom, enamels show the life of St. Mark, and were commissioned by the Doge in 1105, and also made in Constantinople. There are additional enamels in this section, with Christ at the center along with depictions of the Evangelists, all twelve apostles, a representation of the Hetoimasia (prepared or empty throne), angels and archangels, the twelve prophets and the Virgin, and a depiction of the Doge and the Byzantine Empress Irene.","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"begun in 976, expanded multiple times throughout subsequent centuries"},{"label":"Materials","value":"Enamel and gems"},{"label":"Repository","value":""},{"label":"Creator","value":"San Marco, Venice"},{"label":"Dimensions","value":"3 meters wide, 2 meters tall"}],"width":10000,"height":6248},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3518.21","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Chalice of Emperor Romanos","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/annotation/3518.21","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2362%2F5216ed63d7aaa948a1ac6fe60c917ce8.jpg/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2362%2F5216ed63d7aaa948a1ac6fe60c917ce8.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":857,"height":1152},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/398/canvas/3518.21"}],"description":"The lip band features fifteen enamel plaques, however this configuration is not original. 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                <text>Portrait of Andrew Jackson at center obliterated by ink overstamp portrait of Harriet Tubman&#13;
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British Museum&#13;
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                <text>Paper banknote. (whole)&#13;
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The White House within oval border at centre, trees to left and right, inscription above and below, patterned border: green print on cream background. (reverse)&#13;
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Dano Wall, quoted at https://www.awesomefoundation.org/en/projects/107274-harriet-tubman-stamp - &#13;
&#13;
'I was inspired by the news that Harriet Tubman would replace Andrew Jackson on the $20 bill, and subsequently saddened by the news that the Trump administration was walking back that plan. So I created a stamp to convert Jacksons into Tubmans myself. I have been stamping $20 bills and entering them into circulation for the last year, and gifting stamps to friends to do the same.&#13;
&#13;
This country, and its government, have a serious problem with representation. Who we choose to honor as a society affects the moral attitudes that are baked into us as we grow up. The impact that seeing the face of Harriet Tubman staring back at you from a $20 bill should not be underestimated. This sort of representation can subtly but deeply affect someone's conception of themselves and their place in society. The slightly subversive nature of it being currency that's been hand-stamped by another human makes a discovery of one of these bills all the more joyous.&#13;
&#13;
I would like to make 100-200 (or more) of these stamps and give them out as gifts, donate them to museums, offer them as prizes, raise money for the Southern Poverty Law Center by auctioning or raffling them off, mail them anonymously to public officials, anything to get them into people's hands. I would like to see Tubman $20s entering circulation is sufficient numbers to generate conversation about the proposed, now abandoned, plan to replace Andrew Jackson with her.'</text>
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                <text>Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs, c. 300 CE, Roman, porphyry, height: 129.5 cm, Venice, St. Mark’s Basilica (one heel is located in Istanbul, Istanbul Archaeology Museum). </text>
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                <text>This sculpture group depicts the Four Tetrarchs, the four rulers of the Roman Empire as established by Diocletian. The rulers were divided into two groups: the augusti (Diocletian and Maximian) and the caesares (Galerius and Constantius I). There is scholarly disagreement over the identities of the specific figures, but it is generally thought that the two rulers of the Eastern Empire (Diocletian and Galerius) form one pair with the Western rulers (Maximian and Constantius) forming the second. Alternatively, it has been suggested that the augusti and caesares are shown paired. The use of porphyry, a stone long associated with imperium due to its rarity and its purple hue, was a specific and important choice. This stone is often associated with imperial sarcophagi, including that of Helena, the mother of Constantine I (wife of Constantius). Beyond this, the specific shade of purple continues to be associated with the emperor throughout the history of Byzantium, with Porphyrogennetos (Πορφυρογέννητος, literally “born in the purple”) denoting members of the Byzantine royal family who were born while their parent was emperor. A famous bearer is Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (r. 913-59). The sculpture of the Four Tetrarchs was dismissed by many earlier art historians, who found fault with the stylistic deviations from classical Roman sculpture. The original location of the statue is unknown; however, it was most likely moved to Constantinople by Constantine after 328. During the sack of Constantinople in 1204, the statue was among numerous treasures brought back to Venice. It was fitted to the façade of San Marco, where it remains. The missing portion of a figure’s foot was found in Istanbul in the 1960s and is currently in the collection of the Istanbul Archaeology Museum. </text>
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Armenian inscription: Struck in the City of Sis","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"1226-70"},{"label":"Type","value":"Copper Tank"}],"width":1152,"height":583},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3628.4","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Langlois' drawing of a coin of Hetum I","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/annotation/3628.4","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2469%2Fbf2d89118cd66f8db255abe70ed923d8.jpg/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2469%2Fbf2d89118cd66f8db255abe70ed923d8.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":783,"height":385},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3628.4"}],"metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"1861"}],"width":783,"height":385},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3629.5","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Coin of Hetum I with Queen Zabel","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/annotation/3629.5","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2470%2F1f2911ae9c2326f36a7cda10519ff989.jpg/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2470%2F1f2911ae9c2326f36a7cda10519ff989.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":963,"height":485},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3629.5"}],"description":"Obverse: Hetum and Queen Zabel standing near cross staff, with the Armenain text \"By God's will\" around it.\n\nReverse: Lion walking to the right, around it the Armenian text \"Hetum, King of the Armenians\".","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"c. 1226-70"},{"label":"Type","value":"Silver Tram"}],"width":963,"height":485},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3630.6","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Coin of Leo I (Levon I)","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/annotation/3630.6","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2471%2F2d16af9f6fff3d85fb0afbe676b67acc.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2471%2F2d16af9f6fff3d85fb0afbe676b67acc.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":1296,"height":648},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3630.6"}],"description":"King seated on throne ornamented with lions, holding cross and fleur-de-lis. Armenian inscription: \"+ Levon King of the Armenians\" / Two lions rampant back-to-back, each with heads reverted; patriarchal cross with two bars between them. \"+ By the will of God\"","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"c. 1198-1219"},{"label":"Type","value":"Silver Tram"}],"width":1296,"height":648},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3631.7","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"The Burial Church of the Armenian Kings, Anavarza/Anazarbus/Ain Zarba","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/annotation/3631.7","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2472%2F60d154aec4ada0b07d235a079aaf1ce6.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2472%2F60d154aec4ada0b07d235a079aaf1ce6.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":1600,"height":1063},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3631.7"}],"description":"The city of Anazarbus is an ancient city that was first founded by the Assyrians. It was rebuilt and renamed by rulers throughout its history, including Roman Emperor Justin I, who rebuilt it after an earthquake in the 6th century and named it \u201cJustinianopolis.\u201d Likewise, the central castle has been built and rebuilt numerous times as it passed hands through different dynasties and empires including: the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Abbasid Caliphate, the Crusaders, the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, the Mamluks, etc. The majority of the present fortress is of Armenian construction. The innermost keep (donjon) was built by the Crusaders after it was captured during the 1st crusade. In the 12th century, Thoros I, king of Lesser Armenia, made it his capital, and it reverted to its previous name, Anazarva. It is in modern day Kozan, in Turkey. Finally destroyed by the Mamluks in 1374.","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"12th century"}],"width":1600,"height":1063},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3632.8","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Queen Keran, Leo II, and five of their children being blessed by Christ","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/annotation/3632.8","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2473%2Fb4f581056ddec3c83b51c4c2b37024e8.jpg/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2473%2Fb4f581056ddec3c83b51c4c2b37024e8.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":760,"height":1047},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3632.8"}],"description":"From the Queen Keran Gospels, this signed manuscript is one of seven examples that were signed by the illuminator, Toros Roslin, although there are additional, unsigned, manuscripts that have also been attributed to him.\n\nAdditional images here (in black and white and somewhat erratically organized: c.\thttps://www.loc.gov/resource/amedmonastery.00271074190-jo/?sp=1 )","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"1272"},{"label":"Patron","value":"Queen Keran"},{"label":"Artist","value":"Toros Roslin"},{"label":"Location","value":"Armenian Patriarchate Gulbenkian Library Calouste Gulbenkian Library, Armenian Cathedral of St. James"},{"label":"Shelfmark","value":"Ms. 2563"}],"width":760,"height":1047},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3633.9","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"The Last Judgment from the Toros Roslin Gospels fol. 109v","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/annotation/3633.9","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2474%2Fcda50b48d3f19e1cb44ae81a57b02ccc.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2474%2Fcda50b48d3f19e1cb44ae81a57b02ccc.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":1291,"height":1799},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3633.9"}],"description":"A second manuscript signed by Toros Roslin, with a total of 15 miniatures and 67 smaller illustrations. In the colophon, the manuscript is noted as being made for the nephew of Catholicos Constantine (1221-67), also named Toros, in 1262 at the scriptorium of Hromkla.\n\nSee: https://art.thewalters.org/detail/8115/toros-roslin-gospels-2/","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"1262"},{"label":"Patron","value":"Toros (not Roslin)"},{"label":"Artist","value":"Toros Roslin"},{"label":"Location","value":"Walters Art Museum"},{"label":"Shelfmark","value":"Walters MS W539"}],"width":1291,"height":1799},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3634.10","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Chrysobull of Alexios III of Trebizond","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/annotation/3634.10","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2475%2F0d12a1f3bffab5690c7ba37f40e8c9fa.png/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2475%2F0d12a1f3bffab5690c7ba37f40e8c9fa.png","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/png","width":773,"height":1083},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3634.10"}],"description":"Detail depicting Alexios (r. 1349-90) and his wife, Theodora. The Chrysobull was to the Dionysiou monastery on Mount Athos. The Chrysobull gave the founder of the monastery a sum of 100 somia of silver (about 1000 gold hyperpyra) in order to build the monastery, and promised an additional annual grant of 1000 silver aspers. In exchange, Dionysios would ensure that the names of the emperor and his family were included in the church services in perpetuity and would receive special welcome should they come to the monastery (as monks or regular visitors). The Chrysobull measures 301 x 40.3 cm and retains its gold seal.","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"September, 1374"},{"label":"Dimensions","value":"301 x 40.3 cm"}],"width":773,"height":1083},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3635.11","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Seal of David Komnenos","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/annotation/3635.11","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2476%2Fd7c5d45a2a72a7d010120f42efd43f57.jpg/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2476%2Fd7c5d45a2a72a7d010120f42efd43f57.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":978,"height":504},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3635.11"}],"description":"Grandson of Andronikos I, and the brother of the first emperor of Trebizond, Alexios I Komnenos (1204-22), whom David helped take the throne. David was killed while defending Sinope from an attack by the Seljuqs in 1214. \n\nObverse: King David \u2018the prophet\u2019 holding a trefoil scepter in his right hand, an akakia in his left, inscription: \u0394\u03b1(\u03b2\u1f76)\u03b4 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3[\u03b9\u03bb]\u03b5[\u1f7a\u03c2] \u1f41 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. (King David, the Prophet)\n\nReverse: A six-line inscription, made up of two twelve-syllable verses separated by decoration; cross above inscription, decoration below, line border. Inscription: \u0394\u03b1(\u03b2\u1f76)\u03b4 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fe6 \u1f00\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u1f72\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0394\u03b1(\u03b2\u1f76)\u03b4 \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 (King David, be a secure guarantor of the documents of David Komnenos, descendant of kings.)","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"before c. 1214"},{"label":"Type","value":"Seal"},{"label":"Location","value":"Dumbarton Oaks"}],"width":978,"height":504},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3636.12","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Coin of Emperor John II Komnenos","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/annotation/3636.12","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2477%2F4b5832a383de9b09c05a4ab252a3cf41.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2477%2F4b5832a383de9b09c05a4ab252a3cf41.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":1920,"height":1242},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3636.12"}],"description":"Obverse: St. Eugenius standing, holding cross. Inscription: O AGi EVGENI (St. Eugenius)\n\nReverse: John Standing, holding labarum-headed scepter, Manus Dei at upper right. Inscription: I\u03c9 \u039f \u039a\u039f\u039c\u039d\u039fC (John Komnenos)","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"c. 1280-97"},{"label":"Type","value":"Silver asper"},{"label":"Location","value":"Hermitage Museum"}],"width":1920,"height":1242},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3637.13","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Coin of Basil Megas Komnenos","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/annotation/3637.13","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2478%2Ff0c8337b661ea89ed3a0038d4d3d331a.jpg/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2478%2Ff0c8337b661ea89ed3a0038d4d3d331a.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":927,"height":450},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3637.13"}],"description":"Obverse: St. Eugenius on horseback, holding cross, inscription: A / EV-N (St. Eugenius, heavily abbreviated)\n\nReverse: Basil on horseback, holding three-pronged scepter. Inscriptiion: BA / M (Basil Megas)","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"c. 1332-40"},{"label":"Type","value":"Silver Asper"}],"width":927,"height":450},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3638.14","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Hagia Sophia, Trabzon","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/annotation/3638.14","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2479%2F8608a601d2ea23f0bc7dbc10a4c622f6.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2479%2F8608a601d2ea23f0bc7dbc10a4c622f6.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":1600,"height":1063},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3638.14"}],"description":"Built in Trebizond during the reign of Manuel I between 1238 and 1263, there is carved graffiti in the apses dating to 1291 and 1293. The church was converted into a mosque after the conquest Mehmed II in 1461, however some scholars suggest that the conversation did not take place until over a century later in 1584, due to the church\u2019s location outside of the city walls. The monastery attached to the church was still in use by Greek Orthodox monks in 1701. Apparently used as a cholera hospital in the 19th century, the first archeological examination was during the Russian occupation in World War I, by Fyodor Uspensky and others. By the 1950s, it was once again a mosque, however in 1964, it was turned into a museum, and the surviving (previously whitewashed) frescoes were uncovered). These frescoes are thought to account for only 1/6th of the original decoration, but all are considered to be original, completed just after construction. In 2013, the Hagia Sophia was converted back into a mosque, despite a local judge ruling this to be illegal. The frescoes and opus sectile floor were covered by immovable curtains and carpets until 2018, when the building was closed for renovation. In 2020, the ministry of religious affairs fulfilled the promise to make the frescoes visible outside of prayer time, and a glass covering was placed over the opus sectile floor.","width":1600,"height":1063},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3639.15","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Four Evangelists' Fresco, Hagia Sophia, Trabzon","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/annotation/3639.15","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2480%2F4278502f4e99a97ac3d8a40a049616d3.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2480%2F4278502f4e99a97ac3d8a40a049616d3.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":1600,"height":1063},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3639.15"}],"metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"13th century"}],"width":1600,"height":1063},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3640.16","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Imagined reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor at Hagia Sophia, Trabzon by Charles Texier","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/annotation/3640.16","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2481%2Fdb79a3ef6b1d7ae06ebd74d1b3fbde2a.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2481%2Fdb79a3ef6b1d7ae06ebd74d1b3fbde2a.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":1104,"height":1500},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3640.16"}],"description":"Texier was a French historian, architect, and archaeologist. He published numerous works following his travels throughout Asia Minor and the Middle East covering topics ranging from geography and geology, to art and architecture.","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"1864"},{"label":"Artist","value":"Charles Texier"}],"width":1104,"height":1500},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3641.17","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Photograph of murals, Panagia Theoskepastos Monastery","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/annotation/3641.17","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2482%2Fd11bab7e5a26ada762157a638db50c71.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2482%2Fd11bab7e5a26ada762157a638db50c71.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":3508,"height":2396},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3641.17"}],"description":"The original murals on the front of the Panagia Theoskepastos Monastery (\u201cPanagia the God-guarded\u201d) or the K\u0131zlar Monastery, a former female monastery founded during the reign of Alexios III (r. 1349-90). It is at the foot of the Boztepe mountain and overlooks the city of Trabzon. The church and complex have been rebuilt, and the current fa\u00e7ade no longer bears these frescoes.","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"19th century"}],"width":3508,"height":2396},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3642.18","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Citadel of Trebizond","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/annotation/3642.18","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2483%2F69fb7a0a88f10ad8b677718cb0e23696.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2483%2F69fb7a0a88f10ad8b677718cb0e23696.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":1680,"height":1125},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3642.18"}],"description":"Part of the series of defensive walls surrounded the city, various stages of the walls\u2019 construction date back to the Roman Empire, with some evidence of the existence of the citadel (in its earliest construction) dating back as far as 2000 BCE. Most of the surviving citadel, however, dates to the 13th and 14th century.","width":1680,"height":1125},{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3643.19","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Cassone with painted front panel depicting the Conquest of Trebizond","images":[{"@id":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/annotation/3643.19","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2484%2F91090a5945dabe0da92b04d916567561.jpg/full/1024,/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@id":"https://loris.tlt.harvard.edu/loris/atg-media-management-api-prod%2Fprod%2Fimages%2F2484%2F91090a5945dabe0da92b04d916567561.jpg","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":3859,"height":2628},"on":"https://media-management-api.tlt.harvard.edu/api/iiif/manifest/413/canvas/3643.19"}],"description":"Attributed to the workshop of Apolloni di Giovanni di Tomaso, Italian, said to come from the Palazzo Strozzi. The front panel depicts a battle at the city of Trebizond, Constantinople is at the upper left. The battle shows the fall of Trebizond to the Ottomans in 1471, but, strangely, the ruler beneath the canopy is identified as Tamerlane (Timur) in a small, faint inscription to the right of his head, who defeated the Ottoman sultan in 1402, and died three years later in 1405. This bizarre anachronism has not been explained.","metadata":[{"label":"Date","value":"After c. 1461"},{"label":"Type","value":"Cassone"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Attributed to the workshop of Apolloni di Giovanni di Tomaso"},{"label":"Dimensions","value":"100.3 x 195.6 x 83.5 cm; painted surface: 38.7 x 125.7 cm"},{"label":"Material","value":"Poplar wood, linen, polychromed and gilded gesso with panel painted in tempera and gold"},{"label":"Location","value":"Metropolitan Museum of Art"}],"width":3859,"height":2628}]}]}</text>
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