1 10 21 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/haaimagehosting/original/c5f92d2364b7e58512c73190425f4d85.jpg 6bb85bae563511bdc6995a22ed5243c1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Late Antiquity Sardis IIIF Collection Metadata UUID 0f176d88-1d25-42de-9209-46c7e540914b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aerial view of the Temple of Artemis IIIF Item Metadata UUID 8c3de10d-4428-4e1c-894e-56a91caf5c8e https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/haaimagehosting/original/84e1b91bd129b2004d20ce8b1943f42a.jpg a84b75d16525ca786c50cb749a6d16d3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Late Antiquity Sardis IIIF Collection Metadata UUID 0f176d88-1d25-42de-9209-46c7e540914b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sector MMS/N and RT, aerial view showing collapsed Roman arch, Lydian gate, and mosaic IIIF Item Metadata UUID 13e6611f-6665-46f8-8e35-b6013a0714e1 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/haaimagehosting/original/cbee165b575c34630a88056833e1caeb.jpg b546b2f3673f9954948db41427a6ff4c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Late Antiquity Sardis IIIF Collection Metadata UUID 0f176d88-1d25-42de-9209-46c7e540914b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bath-Gymnasium complex during reconstruction IIIF Item Metadata UUID 9da1df33-d2f4-458a-9109-dc7624e237bc https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/haaimagehosting/original/1e934b163cc6ac05b4b48fc8f7f0dded.jpg 2892ca70ef091c5ad16944004bbb5abc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Late Antiquity Sardis IIIF Collection Metadata UUID 0f176d88-1d25-42de-9209-46c7e540914b IIIF Item Metadata UUID 6092bea4-b890-44bd-87d2-6a56e541a268 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aerial view of the Bath-Gymnasium complex https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/haaimagehosting/original/88c50b2031d4a9c7b1edc289828a4638.jpg 5cc22694135f9b5f83f02503ffc9ad76 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Late Antiquity Sardis IIIF Collection Metadata UUID 0f176d88-1d25-42de-9209-46c7e540914b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sardis Synagogue (2) Subject The topic of the resource Sardis Synagogue, Completed Late 3rd century CE IIIF Item Metadata UUID 3c3ce3cf-69fe-4f98-b922-3bb7a980a9c2 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/haaimagehosting/original/a3b05d8873bd71350124780d58324aa2.jpg d7c4ea12a40f78687297cabfe3f05a8a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Late Antiquity Sardis IIIF Collection Metadata UUID 0f176d88-1d25-42de-9209-46c7e540914b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sardis Synagogue Subject The topic of the resource Sardis Synagogue, Completed Late 3rd century CE IIIF Item Metadata UUID ab81ce9d-ea6d-488d-9d66-4ae494b443f7 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/haaimagehosting/original/55aa8d2697c5dcdbfdc3b0e54ea9ef44.jpg e47a2ea2bce48320fcc5718ebc0a73ec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Late Antiquity Sardis IIIF Collection Metadata UUID 0f176d88-1d25-42de-9209-46c7e540914b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Church M at Sardis (2) Subject The topic of the resource Church M, during excavation IIIF Item Metadata UUID e7254125-b56e-4de4-ae7c-4c5ab97bdfd3 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/haaimagehosting/original/e6519faadd6bfb7814159c7ade0f866f.jpg d18ae756ce2c3f759f8e0884779c2139 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Late Antiquity Sardis IIIF Collection Metadata UUID 0f176d88-1d25-42de-9209-46c7e540914b IIIF Item Metadata UUID 1aed8d9b-9f06-42e7-983b-31e2c1f46000 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Church M at Sardis Subject The topic of the resource Church M at Sardis, 4th century mortuary chapel, built in the location of the Temple of Artemis Description An account of the resource Introduction The small brick-and-rubble building located near the southeast corner of the Temple of Artemis is known as Church M. The structure was probably set up in the later 4th century, and was used by local residents as a place of Christian worship until the early 7th century. The massive medieval landslide that buried the east end of the Temple accounts for the exceptional preservation of Church M, which was discovered by Butler in 1911 and cleared the following year (figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). The construction of a small church or chapel within the temenos of a classical temple reflects the far-reaching changes that swept across the later Roman empire during the 4th century. State recognition of Christianity by the emperor Constantine was soon followed by his founding a new eastern capital at Constantinople. While the Temple of Artemis probably had passed out of active use before this time, its massive walls and imposing columns continued to dominate the area. Small incised crosses and religious graffiti still visible near the Temple’s east entrance reflect the efforts of local inhabitants to deconsecrate the building and neutralize any lingering spiritual power of the classical cult. The closing of Roman temples under the emperor Theodosius in the 390s may have encouraged some Sardis residents to build houses in the area and to dismantle the classical structure for stone. Church M may have been intended both for devotional use by families living nearby and to commemorate this important change in Lydian religious traditions. Fig. 1 Plan of Sardis (©Archaeological Exploration of Sardis/President and Fellows of Harvard College) Fig. 2 Plan of the Temple of Artemis showing Church M (©Archaeological Exploration of Sardis/President and Fellows of Harvard College) Fig. 3 Church M during excavation (Howard Crosby Butler Archive, Department of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University) Fig. 4 Church M during excavation (Howard Crosby Butler Archive, Department of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University) Fig. 5 Church M during excavation (Howard Crosby Butler Archive, Department of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University) Fig. 6 View of Church M (©Archaeological Exploration of Sardis/President and Fellows of Harvard College) Fig. 7 View of Church M from the east, with the temple of Artemis (©Archaeological Exploration of Sardis/President and Fellows of Harvard College) Design and Construction The unusual location and small size of Church M reflect these transitional times. The building stands immediately outside the Temple, in front of the eastern colonnade with its main doorway asymmetrically framed by the two southernmost columns. Two smaller columns (no longer visible) were found by Butler in the south pteroma, about 25 m to the west, and may have formed part of an earlier boundary or portal (fig. 8). The church or chapel was built in two distinct phases. The original building apparently consisted of a rectangular space, 7 m long by 5.6 m wide (figs. 9, 10, 11). A semicircular apse with a single window faced the doorway from the west. The walls were built of bricks, fieldstones, and marble fragments set in mortar, and were covered with painted plaster. Three more windows once opened above the apse. Traces of similar windows can be seen in the upper part of the north wall, through which a small doorway led to another room known only by foundations. Excavation in 1912 recovered a hoard of 25 bronze coins that had been concealed here c. 400, when the building was clearly in service. The floor of Church M originally lay near the level of the pteroma; the present stone paving stands more than 1 m higher and reflects the gradual accumulation of earth across the Temple precinct. At a later date a small room with an even larger apse was added about 5 m east of the original building (figs. 9). A wide window with three arches supported by two marble mullions occupied the apse wall, which was reinforced by two lateral buttresses. Small doorways seem to have opened to both south and north. An irregular block of stone set atop a short column in the western apse may have served as a makeshift altar when the building was abandoned in the 7th century or slightly later (fig. 12). https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/haaimagehosting/original/4a8bf696329e90f15e0446192b33c8b3.jpg 5dc3784cd42f17414a8fc81146983f56 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Late Antiquity Sardis IIIF Collection Metadata UUID 0f176d88-1d25-42de-9209-46c7e540914b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incense shovel with cross Subject The topic of the resource Incense shovel with cross, Sardis, 5th-7th century, bronze/copper alloy, 0.085 x 0.140 m, Manisa, Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum Description An account of the resource DESCRIPTION Rectangular bronze scoop, with socket on back for a handle. On the sides are two dolphins with arching tails attached to the scoop by rods round in section. Rising from the tails of the dolphins is an arch framing a cross, forming the back of the scoop. Scoop, arch, and cross are decorated with small dotted circles. COMMENTS Dolphins were a favorite theme of artists throughout antiquity, and may have been seen as a kind of fish with a symbolic connection with Christianity; the dotted circles were thought to have protective properties in later Roman times. The incense shovel was discovered in a room with two bronze incense burners, and could have been used in the home or elsewhere for special liturgical purposes. Found in the first year of renewed excavations at Sardis in 1958, this and other bronze objects found in this late-Roman house gave a name to this excavation sector, the “House of Bronzes” or “HoB.” Deeper excavation in this sector recovered many of the Lydian objects in this exhibition. IIIF Item Metadata UUID a85cba49-f064-4c5e-8b98-288bf80e5976 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/haaimagehosting/original/793df5e01bfd522194ef2d5a3133cc8d.jpg 17c7d33b198283fa46954d14d73d4b43 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Late Antiquity Sardis IIIF Collection Metadata UUID 0f176d88-1d25-42de-9209-46c7e540914b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Flask (2) IIIF Item Metadata UUID 2cb6536a-86a1-4711-8848-8725ad406f16